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托福聽力想要獲得高分,就必須具備一定的語音知識、一定的詞匯知識和一定的語法知識。除此以外,也要多多了解與托福聽力材料有關(guān)的背景知識、對話和文章的話題知識、托福聽力的策略知識以及托福聽力測試的命題規(guī)律等知識。
下面我們就來看看提高聽力成績的方法——運用詞匯和語法。
語音知識
聽力不同于閱讀,要求同學們必須具備準確辨音的能力,這是口頭交際的基礎(chǔ)。在正確掌握每個單詞的發(fā)音的同時,必須注意以下幾個方面:
(1)英語中最小對立體的發(fā)音,如ship---sheep, cheap ---- chip, pig ---peg, sack ---sock等,有針對性地進行發(fā)音訓練,比如繞口令之類的練習,如She sells sea cells by the seashore. If she sells sea cells by the seashore, then she sells seashore cells,適當加強一些針對性的聽力練習。
(2)重讀與弱讀:漢語是一個漢字一個音節(jié),而英語中的一個單詞可能就有好多音節(jié),這就造成了英漢節(jié)奏的差別。而英語中的一些虛詞一般要弱讀,這有可能會給聽力造成一定的困難。對此也應該進行專項訓練。如:What''s the time? Sing us a song. I''ve eaten them all. He has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.(紅體部分的音節(jié)重讀)
(3)連讀:連讀時語速加快,連讀的單詞之間沒有了間隔,會給理解帶來困難。如:
in ˇor ˇout, yearˇ in and year ˇout, for ˇan ˇhour?
(4)意群:聽力時不能一個單詞一個單詞地去理解,應該注意意群,因為意群之間間隔之處正是停頓之處,注意下列語句朗讀時停頓的差別:
John said, " My father is here."
"John," said my father, "is here."
She likes pineapples.
She likes pie and apples.
He sold his houseboat and trailer.
He sold his house, boat, and trailer.
(5)注意同音字:有些單詞發(fā)音相同,也可能給聽力理解帶來困難,如:
What is black and white, and read (red) all over?
這里在聽的時候,很難分請是read還是red。
(6)語調(diào):語調(diào)是說話者表達情感的一種手段,同樣一個句子如果語調(diào)不同,則意思就有可能發(fā)生變化,如:Open the door, will you?↗
Open the door, won''t you?↘
用聲調(diào)表示一種請求,用降調(diào)表示命令。
What? ↗What?↘↗升調(diào)表示疑問,降升表示吃驚和不相信。
測試中同樣有可能考查語調(diào)的作用,如:
① W: Where do you want to eat?
M: Is there anything wrong with the↘ coffee shop?
Q: What does the man mean?
A. He wonders if anything happened at the coffee shop.
B. He doesn''t know why the coffee tastes bad.
C. He only wants coffee because he isn''t happy.
D. He thinks that they ought to go to the coffee shop.
一般疑問句,卻用了降調(diào),表示出說話者愿意去咖啡館的肯定態(tài)度,答案應是D。
② M: I''m terribly sorry I''m late, but I just couldn''t help it.
I got there as soon as I could.
W: Well, it''s not soon enough, ↘is it?
Q: What does the woman mean?
A. It''s soon enough to get here.
B. It''s not soon enough to get here.
C. It''s not late to get here.
D. It''s early enough to get here.
降調(diào)的使用,說明說話人堅信第一部分說的是事實,由此可以判斷答案為B。
以上就是給大家參考的提高聽力成績的方法——運用詞匯和語法。大家可以作為參考融入到自己的復習計劃中,托??荚嚧蟛糠质且粋€自學的過程,如果沒有平時自己的練習那么想考到一個好成績是非常難的,我們需要做的僅有勤奮。
更多信息請查看考試口語