Every country with an established banking system has a central bank， which acts as banker to the Government in the widest sense. It liaises with and advises the Government on monetary policy and ensures that the necessary steps are taken to carry it through.

每個(gè)有完整金融體系的國(guó)家都有中央銀行，廣義而言，中央銀行是政府的銀行。中央銀行就貨幣政策和政府保持聯(lián)系，充當(dāng)政府的顧問(wèn)，并采取必要措施，以保證貨幣政策的貫徹實(shí)施。

Central banks differ from commercial banks in many respects：

(1) they do not aim to maximize profits， which is traditionally an objective of a commercial bank owned by shareholders (central banks are normally nationalized institutions);

(2) they have a supervisory role over the commercial banks;

(3) they are able to influence the actions of the commercial banks and other financial institutions， particularly with regard to lending;

(4) they control the issue of notes and coin;

(5) they do not compete for business with the commercial banks， but they usually maintain the Government bank accounts;

(6)they act as “lender of the last resort” to the banking system;

(7)they do not provide a full banking service for personal and commercial customers.

中央銀行與商業(yè)部銀行在許多方面存在著差別：

(1)中央銀行的宗旨不是利潤(rùn)最大化，利潤(rùn)最大化歷來(lái)是股份制商業(yè)銀行的目標(biāo)(中央銀行一般是國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān));

(2)中央銀行對(duì)商業(yè)銀行行使監(jiān)督職能;

(3)中央銀行能夠?qū)ι虡I(yè)銀行及其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，尤其是信貸方面的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)施加影響;

(4)中央銀行控制鈔票、硬幣的發(fā)行;

(5)中央銀行在業(yè)務(wù)上不與商業(yè)銀行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，但中央銀行通常管理政府在銀行的賬戶(hù);

(6)中央銀行充當(dāng)銀行系統(tǒng)的“最后貸款人”;

(7)中央銀行對(duì)個(gè)人及商業(yè)客戶(hù)不提供全面的金融服務(wù)。

In Britain the central bank is the Bank of England; in the U.S.A.， the Federal Reserve System; in Japan， the Bank of Japan.

英國(guó)的中央銀行是英格蘭銀行;美國(guó)的中央銀行是聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備體系;日本的中央銀行是日本銀行。

本文導(dǎo)航

1、Central Bank(中央銀行)2、中央銀行相關(guān)單詞