成人英語(yǔ)學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試講義(四)
來(lái)源:云南培訓(xùn)認(rèn)證網(wǎng) 閱讀:2182 次 日期:2007-11-06 10:40:15
溫馨提示:易賢網(wǎng)小編為您整理了“成人英語(yǔ)學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試講義(四)”,方便廣大網(wǎng)友查閱!

三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不定式(to + V)

動(dòng)名詞

分詞-ing

分詞-ed

(一)動(dòng)詞不定式(to+動(dòng)詞原形)

動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)法功能

可以做除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成分。

1)作主語(yǔ)

不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。如:

To serve the people well is our duty.

動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),往往放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面,用引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。上述句子也可改為:

It is our duty to serve the people well.

類(lèi)似這樣不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型有:

It is + n.+ to do

It takes sb.+ some time + to do

It is +adj.+ for sb.+ to do

It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do

例如:

It is our duty to help them.

It will take you quite a long time to finish it.

It is easy for us to answer this question.

It is kind of you to help me.

注:

1)for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:

2)of sb.的句型一般表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等。

2)作賓語(yǔ)

We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.

注意:

如果不定式作賓語(yǔ)而又跟有補(bǔ)語(yǔ),這時(shí),通常要用"it"作形式賓語(yǔ),而將不定式放到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面去。

例如:

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)提前把一切都準(zhǔn)備好是不可能的。

×They found to get everything ready in advance impossible.

賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)

×They found to get everything ready in advance is impossible.

√They found it impossible to get everything ready in

賓補(bǔ) 賓語(yǔ)

advance.

再看下面的兩個(gè)例句:

I consider it my duty to point out their shortcomings.

Robert doesn't think it advisable for Mary to be on a diet.

三級(jí)出題方式:

I _____ to point out their shortcomings.

A.consider it my duty

B.consider it is my duty

3)作定語(yǔ)

This is the best way to solve the problem.

注意:

①用不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它與它所修飾的詞有時(shí)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后面應(yīng)跟上必要的介詞。

例如:

Mary needs a friend to play with.

There is nothing to worry about.

Because air pollution has been greatly reduced, this city is still _____ .

A.a good place to live

B.a good place for living in

C.a good place to be lived in

D.a good place to live in

**:D

②不定式作定語(yǔ),如果與他所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則不定式后面不能再帶賓語(yǔ)。

例如:

×Here is a letter for you to type it.

√Here is a letter for you to type.

×The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for them.

√The smell tells the bees what kind of flowers to look for.

同時(shí)要注意:在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式的主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。

4)作狀語(yǔ)

In order to overcome difficulties, we must work hard.

注意:

①不定式能夠修飾作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)不定式不能再帶賓語(yǔ)。

例如:

√The water is unfit to drink.

×The water is unfit to drink it.

√They found Mr.Jones' lecture hard to understand.

×They found Mr.Jones' lecture hard to understand it.

同時(shí)要注意:在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式的主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。

②作狀語(yǔ)的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致。

例如:

×To save money, the bus was taken instead of plane.

√To save money, we took the bus instead of plane.

讓我們看一道2005年11月份的三級(jí)試題:

To succeed in a scientific experiment,______.

A.one needs being patient person.

B.patience is to need.

C.one needs to be patient.

D.patience is what needed.

**:C

2.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)

如要表明不定式或不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者(即邏輯主語(yǔ)),就要在不定式前用for+名詞(或代詞的賓格)。如:

Is the road wide enough for two cars to pass?

The conference is too important for you to miss.

3.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

不定式有一般、完成、進(jìn)行等幾種常用的形式,也有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。以study為例:

主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)一般式to study; to be studied

進(jìn)行式to be studying

完成式to have studied; to have been studied

1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

不定式的一般式(to do)所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是在其后發(fā)生的。如:

Thousands of young people are learning to ski.

不定式的進(jìn)行式(to be doing)所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的,而且是正在進(jìn)行的。如:

They seemed to be getting along quite well.

不定式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(to have done)表示限于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),to have + V-ed 表示動(dòng)作,to have been 表示狀態(tài)。如:

She seems to have finished her work.

不定式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生,而且一直進(jìn)行著。如:

She was happy to have been staying with her aunt.

2)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)

每個(gè)不定式都有其邏輯主語(yǔ),如果邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,不定式用主動(dòng)式,如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,不定式用被動(dòng)式。如:

The doctor recommended him to air the room.

醫(yī)生建議他打掃房間。

The doctor recommended the room to be aired.

醫(yī)生建議打掃房間。

考試重點(diǎn):使用不帶to的不定式的幾種情況

(1)在口語(yǔ)中,以why開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)句中。例如:

Why do it that way?

Why not go out for a walk?

(2)某些使役動(dòng)詞,如make, let,have等后面跟動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),用省略to的不定式。如:

Let him do it.讓他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。

(3)表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后接不定時(shí)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式不帶to.這類(lèi)詞有:

feel 覺(jué)得 observe 注意到,看到 hear聽(tīng)到

watch注視 listen to聽(tīng) perceive察覺(jué),感知

notice注意 see看見(jiàn) look at看

注意:

表示 "感覺(jué)"的動(dòng)詞,既可以用不帶to 的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),又可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),但兩者有含義上的差別?,F(xiàn)在分詞作這些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行,以不帶to的不定式作這些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的完成。

例如:

I heard her playing the violin.

我聽(tīng)到她在拉小提琴.

I don't see the ball break the window.

我沒(méi)有看到球砸壞玻璃.

注意:

上述使役動(dòng)詞與感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其后的不定式需帶to,如:

He was seen to come.

The boy was made to go to bed early.

(4)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:

Last night I did nothing but watch TV.

昨天晚上,除了看電視,我什么也沒(méi)干。

但是,如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是"do nothing,anything,everything",那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶to.

The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.

醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。

There was nothing for them to do but remain silent.

除了保持沉默以外,他們沒(méi)有別的辦法。

記憶口訣:

前面有do,后面省to,前面無(wú)do,后面帶to.

(5)下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法,只能用省to的不定式形式。

can not help but do(不得不)

can not but do(不得不)

cannot choose but do(只能)

have no choice but do (只能)

had better do(最好)

would rather do(寧愿)

例如:

When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.

不定式練習(xí)

翻譯下列句子:

走路去那里十分鐘就到了。(考查不定式做主語(yǔ)的句型)

下一步做什么還沒(méi)定。(考查疑問(wèn)詞+不定式的用法)

我們不可能趕上第一班車(chē)。(考查不定式做主語(yǔ))

學(xué)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生必須有本好字典。(考查不定式做主語(yǔ),同時(shí)考察不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ))

他是我們班唯一說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人。(考查不定式作定語(yǔ))

他說(shuō)話太快,我們跟不上。(考查too…to…結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作狀語(yǔ))

大廳足夠大,能容納一百人。(考查enough…to…結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作狀語(yǔ))

起床后媽媽會(huì)提醒我洗臉。(考查不定式作賓補(bǔ))

為了不讓我們失望,你必須遵守你的諾言。(考查不定式作狀語(yǔ))

參考**

It takes ten minutes to walk there.

<
更多信息請(qǐng)查看成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試
易賢網(wǎng)手機(jī)網(wǎng)站地址:成人英語(yǔ)學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試講義(四)
由于各方面情況的不斷調(diào)整與變化,易賢網(wǎng)提供的所有考試信息和咨詢(xún)回復(fù)僅供參考,敬請(qǐng)考生以權(quán)威部門(mén)公布的正式信息和咨詢(xún)?yōu)闇?zhǔn)!
關(guān)于我們 | 聯(lián)系我們 | 人才招聘 | 網(wǎng)站聲明 | 網(wǎng)站幫助 | 非正式的簡(jiǎn)要咨詢(xún) | 簡(jiǎn)要咨詢(xún)須知 | 加入群交流 | 手機(jī)站點(diǎn) | 投訴建議
工業(yè)和信息化部備案號(hào):滇ICP備2023014141號(hào)-1 云南省教育廳備案號(hào):云教ICP備0901021 滇公網(wǎng)安備53010202001879號(hào) 人力資源服務(wù)許可證:(云)人服證字(2023)第0102001523號(hào)
云南網(wǎng)警備案專(zhuān)用圖標(biāo)
聯(lián)系電話:0871-65317125(9:00—18:00) 獲取招聘考試信息及咨詢(xún)關(guān)注公眾號(hào):hfpxwx
咨詢(xún)QQ:526150442(9:00—18:00)版權(quán)所有:易賢網(wǎng)
云南網(wǎng)警報(bào)警專(zhuān)用圖標(biāo)