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學(xué)生寫(xiě)作時(shí),如果僅局限在把內(nèi)容交代清楚的水準(zhǔn)上,只選用一些普通的、直截了當(dāng)?shù)脑~,或一律使用簡(jiǎn)單句平鋪直敘,那么,這樣寫(xiě)出來(lái)的文章就會(huì)像一碗白開(kāi)水,呆板、單調(diào),沒(méi)有可讀性。要使文章耐人尋味,有深度,同學(xué)們就應(yīng)嘗試使用一些高級(jí)詞匯或句型,以凸顯文章的亮點(diǎn),使文章增添文采,給讀者(尤其是閱卷老師留下深刻印象)。具體說(shuō)來(lái),同學(xué)們可嘗試以下方法:
1. 靈活改變句子開(kāi)頭
在通常情況下,英語(yǔ)句子的排列方式為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”,即主語(yǔ)位于句子開(kāi)頭。但若根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式,比如使用倒?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)或以狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭等,會(huì)使文章增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力。如:
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
在小山頂上有一座古廟。
(2) You can do it well only in this way.
→ Only in this way can you do it well.
只有這樣你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window.
→ By the window sat a young woman.
窗戶邊坐著一個(gè)年輕婦女。
2. 避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)
為了使表達(dá)更生動(dòng),更富表現(xiàn)力,同學(xué)們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免重復(fù)使用同一詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表示同一意思,尤其是一些老生常談的詞語(yǔ)。如有的同學(xué)一看到“喜歡”二字,就會(huì)立刻想起like,事實(shí)上,英語(yǔ)中表示類(lèi)似意思的詞和短語(yǔ)很多,如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如:
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜歡看書(shū),而我的兄弟卻喜歡看電視。
3. 合理使用省略句
合理恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂檬÷跃?,不僅可以使文章精練、簡(jiǎn)潔,而且會(huì)使文章更具文采和可讀性。如:
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙,要是這樣,我以后再來(lái)拜訪。要是不忙,我現(xiàn)在可以見(jiàn)他嗎?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天氣好,我們就去;如果天氣不好,我們就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申請(qǐng)這份工作的,但她沒(méi)有。
4. 適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)通常被認(rèn)為是一種高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),適當(dāng)運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),會(huì)給人一種熟練駕馭語(yǔ)言的印象。如:
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
聽(tīng)了這消息他們都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址,我沒(méi)法和她聯(lián)系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生農(nóng)民家庭,只上過(guò)兩年學(xué)。
5. 結(jié)合使用長(zhǎng)句與短句
在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中,過(guò)多地使用長(zhǎng)句或過(guò)多地使用短句都不好。正確的做法是,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況在文章中交替使用長(zhǎng)句與短語(yǔ),使文章顯得錯(cuò)落有致,這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感,而且使文章讀起來(lái)鏗鏘有力。如:
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我們曬著太陽(yáng)吃野餐。休息一會(huì)兒后,我們唱的唱歌,跳的跳舞,還有的講笑話、下棋,大家玩得很開(kāi)心。