第六單元 如何寫好一個段落（Ⅰ）

6．1段落的特征

一個好的段落應(yīng)該具有以下三個特征：1）完整性（completeness）； 2）統(tǒng)一性（unity）； 3）連貫性（coherence）。

6．2完整性

段落的完整性指的是段落得以充分展開。作者一俟寫好主題句，就應(yīng)該用細節(jié)進行推展，細節(jié)越充足越好。例如，你認為“Riding motorcycles is dangerous”，你就應(yīng)該用你所知道的事實證明這一觀點是正確的。你可以使用數(shù)字（statistics），列舉例子（example），進行描繪（descriptions）等等。

示范段落6-1

Ever since the time of the Greeks， drama has played an important role in man's lives． The Greek tragedies and come dies were a central part of the citizens' lives in ancient Greece． During the Middle Ages， Bible stories were acted out in churches，and wandering companies of players performed in the streets． In modern times， drama is brought directly into people's homes through the magic of television．

6．3示范段落分析

主題句： Ever since the time of the Greeks， drama has played animportant role in man's lives．

細節(jié)：1． ancient Greece

2． the Middle Ages

3． modern times

作者根據(jù)各個不同歷史時期提供細節(jié)，舉例說明戲劇的重要性。

6．4 統(tǒng)一性

一個好的段落應(yīng)該具有統(tǒng)一性。統(tǒng)一性就是一個中心思想統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個段落。每個細節(jié)都應(yīng)支持主題句，不應(yīng)有無關(guān)的細節(jié)。為了支持主題，要盡可能多地提供細節(jié)，但又要避免濫用細節(jié)。

讀下面段落，然后找出毛病。

① Innovations， whether practical or aesthetic， are often resisted by the general population．② When the early experiments in the field of aviation began their work， there were many who said，“If God had wanted man to fly， he would have given him wings．③The Wright brothers made the first powered flights in a heavier-than-air craft in 1903 at Kitty Hawk， North Carolina．④Even today there are many who strongly object to modern art and music as being nothing more than “splashes of paint and honking horns．”⑤The painter Picasso's well-known masterpiece “The Three Musicians” is done primarily in blues and browns．

6．5段落分析

主題句： Innovations， whether practical or aesthetic， are often resisted by the general population．

推展細節(jié)：1． People's objection to the early experiments in the field of aviation．

2． People's objection to modern art and music．

無關(guān)細節(jié)：1． The Wright brothers' experiment in flight．

2．Picasso's painting．

顯然這不是個好的段落，因為并非所有的推展句都支持主題句。應(yīng)該把無關(guān)的細節(jié)刪去。
Exercise 6-1

Directions： In the folowing sentence grouping， circle the letter in front of any detail that does not support the topic sentence．

Topic Sentence：My main satisfaction in life comes from the people who are part of my life．

Supporting Details：

a． For me a day is good or bad depending on whether or not I havegooten along well with my associates．

b． I am not at all affected by the weather the way some people are．

c． For instance， my father judges his day by whether or not the skyis blue．

d． On a rainy day he is always in a bad mood．

e． What counts for me is to feel human warmth and friendship．

f． My favourite entertainment is to be with one or two intimate friends， sitting in front of a fireplace and sharing intimate recollections．

Exercise 6-2

Directions： Read the following paragraph and identify the irrelevant sentences．

① Different people spend their weekends in different ways．②Some enjoy going to the mountains to hike， ski or just relax．③Water skiing is much more difficult than snow skiing．④Others prefer going to the beach to enjoy the seashore activities and to get a suntan．⑤ Some of these people work very hard during the week；others have rather relaxing jobs．⑥ Still others like to relax by staying home and reading a good book．

Topic Sentence：________

Irrelevant Sentences：________________

Exercise 6-3

Directions： List at least five details that might used to develop thegiven topic sentence．

Topic sentence： Day dreaming has always been my favourite．

Details：1．_______________________________________________

2．_______________________________________________

3．_______________________________________________

4．_______________________________________________

5．_______________________________________________

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