一。概念：

動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語之間語法或語義的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)用于主動(dòng)句，表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)用于被動(dòng)句，表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。主動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相同，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)由 助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞 構(gòu)成，有人稱，數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

一。 相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

1. let 的用法

1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。例如：

They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。

---> The strange was let go.

2)當(dāng)let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let 通常不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而用allow或permit 代替。例如：

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。

----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

2.短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：

My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。

Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。

3. 表示“據(jù)說”或“相信” 的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如：

It is said that… 據(jù)說

It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道

It is believed that…大家相信

It is hoped that…大家希望

It is well known that… 眾所周知

It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為

It is suggested that…據(jù)建議

It is taken granted that… 被視為當(dāng)然

It has been decided that… 大家決定

It must be remember that… 務(wù)必記住的是

4. 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況

1)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語，如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒有無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火過后，我家燒得所剩無幾。

比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞;raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。

要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。

2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：

This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。

3) 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 聽上去不錯(cuò)。

4) 帶同源賓語的及物動(dòng)詞如die/death, dream/dream, live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。

5) 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如：

(對(duì)) She likes to swim.

(錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.

5. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：

The book sells well.這本書銷路好。

This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：

I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。

Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如：

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。

This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。

4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)等。例如：

Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。

6. 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如：

He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。

注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：

He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.

7.need/want/require/worth

當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時(shí)，表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如：

Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。