形容詞和副詞

I.要點(diǎn)

A.形容詞

1、形容詞的用法

形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如：

He is honest and hardworking.

I found the book interesting.

某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類(lèi)人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

The English like to be with their families.

多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序：

冠詞序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)形狀大小新舊老少顏色國(guó)籍材料名詞。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

2、形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式

(1)規(guī)則形式

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er;--est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí);其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如：

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-more important-(the)most important

(2)不規(guī)則形式

good(well)-better-best

bad(ill)-worse-worst

many(much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3)形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法

①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級(jí)than.如：

He is cleverer than the other boys.

This one is more beautiful than that one.

②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the形容詞最高級(jí)(名詞)of(in)…"如：

He is the cleverest boy in his class.

③表示兩者是同等程度，用"as形容詞原級(jí)as".如：

He is as tall as I.

I have as many books as you.

④越…越…

例如：The more I learn,the happier I am.

⑤You can never be too careful.越小心越好

又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.

你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。

⑥I have never spent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。

I have never had a better dinner.

這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。

⑦M(jìn)y English is no better than yours.

我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。B.副詞

1、副詞的種類(lèi)

(1)時(shí)間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等

(2)地點(diǎn)副詞如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。

(3)方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。

(4)程度副詞如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,a bit,a little,hardly,so,very等。

2、副詞比較等級(jí)的用法

其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如：

Of all the boys he sings(the)most beautifully.

We must work harder.

3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

(1)already,yet,still

already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：

We’ve already watched that film.

I haven’t finished my homework yet.

He still works until late every night.

(2)too,as well,also,either

too,as well和also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，too和as well多用于口語(yǔ)，一般放在句末，而also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

He didn’t go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3)hard,hardly

hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4)late,lately

lately意為"最近、近來(lái)"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

例1 Tom’s father thinks he is already ____

A high enough B tall enough

C enough high C enough tall

解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。

例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析：該題正確答案為B。"the形容詞比較級(jí)…,the形容詞比較級(jí)…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven’t been to London yet".

"I haven’t been there ____".

A too B also C either D neither

解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。

例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B(niǎo)-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。

介詞

I.要點(diǎn)

1、介詞和種類(lèi)

(1)簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。

(2)復(fù)合介詞，如by means of,along with,because of,in front of,instead of等。

2、介詞和其他詞類(lèi)的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系

(1)和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agree with,ask for,belong to,break away from,care about等。

(2)和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of,angry with,different from,good at

(3)和名詞的搭配，如answer to,key to,reason for,cause of,visit to等.

3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ)，這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：

He came right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite the school.

4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例

(1)at,on,in(表時(shí)間)

表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o’clock,at midnight等;表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time,at Christmas等。

指某天用on,如on Monday,on the end of November,指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning,on the afternoon of September lst等。

指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon,in February,in Summer,in 1999等。

(2)between,among(表位置)

between僅用于二者之間，但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between,如

I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：

He is the best among the students.

(3)beside,besides

beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：

He sat beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree,on the tree

in the tree指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上，而on the tree指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上

(5)on the way,in the way,by the way,in this way

on the way指在路上in the way指擋道

by the way指順便問(wèn)一句in this way用這樣的方法

(6)in the corner,at the corner

in the corner指在拐角內(nèi)at the corner指在拐角外

(7)in the morning,on the morning

in the morning是一般說(shuō)法on the morning特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus,on the bus

by bus是一般說(shuō)法on the bus特指乘某一輛車(chē)II.例題

例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides,意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語(yǔ)外，你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎?

例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during

解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語(yǔ)，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾，故該題正確答案為A。

例3 I’m looking forward ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"。

今天的內(nèi)容就介紹這里了。