一．主語(yǔ)一致原則:即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù).

1.帶有with,along with,together with,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,as well as,no less than,rather than(而不是),including,in addition to引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致.

如:Air as well as water is matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì).

No one except two servants was late for the dinner.除了兩個(gè)仆人外,沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐

2.用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù).如:

The poet and writer has come.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具.(兩樣物)

3.不定式(短語(yǔ)),動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)),或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:588.es

Serving the people is my great happiness.

為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了.

4.并列主語(yǔ)被each,every或no修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開(kāi)會(huì)缺席.

Each man and(each)woman is asked to help.每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙.

5.若主語(yǔ)中有more than one或many a/an,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球.

More than one student was late.不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到

More persons than one come to help us.不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們.

6.名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù).如:

His clothes are good.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)a pair of,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk.桌上有一副眼鏡.

7.形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如:physics,mathematics,economics;國(guó)名如:the United States;報(bào)紙名如:the New Times;書(shū)名如:Arabian Night<天方夜談>;以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國(guó)>等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

8.“a+名詞+and a half“,“one and a half+名詞”,“the number of+名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

二．語(yǔ)法一致原則:

1.主語(yǔ)中有all,half,most,the rest等,以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞.如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行車(chē),今天出售.

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了.

Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的蘋(píng)果都是爛的.

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的大部分被老鼠吃了.

2.不定數(shù)量的詞組,如:part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù).如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived.一小部分教科書(shū)已運(yùn)到.

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被豬吃光了.

3.加減乘除用單數(shù).如:

Fifteen minus five is ten.15減去5等于10.

4.表示時(shí)間,金錢(qián),距離,度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:

Ten miles is a good distance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x.

5.通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:

The British police have only very limited powers.

6.the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類(lèi)人或事物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如:

The injured were saved after the fire.

三．就近原則

1.由here,there,where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí))謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致.如:

Here comes the bus公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了.

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?

你不在這兒的時(shí)候,你愛(ài)人和孩子在哪兒呆呢?

2.用連詞or,either....or,neither….nor,not only….but also等連接的并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致.如:

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.

He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆.

今天的內(nèi)容就介紹到這里了。